The "333 Principle" for small animal anesthesia

       The "333 Principle" for small animal anesthesia is the core management protocol during inhalational anesthesia, specifically comprising the following three key points:

       Monitoring Management

       It is necessary to monitor three physiological parameters in real-time: respiratory rate, heart rhythm, and body temperature. Using equipment such as anesthesia machines, 

monitors, and thermometers, ensure the small animal maintains smooth breathing, stable heart rate, and normal body temperature range (e.g., using warming devices for small

 animals to prevent hypothermia) during anesthesia.

       Anesthesia Phase Control

       The entire process is divided into three stages:

       ● Induction phase: Rapidly achieve an anesthetized state, avoiding stress responses;

       ● Maintenance phase: Maintain a stable depth of anesthesia, preventing awakening due to surgical stimulation or excessive depth;

       ● Recovery phase: Postoperative gradual return to consciousness, observing physiological indicators such as respiratory rate.

       Risk Factor Assessment

       Preoperatively, three categories of risks must be assessed:

       ● Animal-specific factors (e.g., age, underlying diseases);

       ● Drug and technical factors (e.g., dosage errors, equipment failure);

       ● Surgery-related factors (e.g., duration of surgery, sensitivity of the site).